The origins of the comic book are somewhat controversial and perhaps
the jury is still out on comic book history. So lets go back to the
cartoonish broadsheets of the Middle Ages, which were parchment
products, created by anonymous woodcutters. These could have been the
very beginnings of the comic book.
As mass circulation of these broadsheets became possible, they soon
developed a market, particularly at public executions, popular events
for centuries (ugh), which drew thousands of happy spectators. Many of
these spectators would invest in an artist's rendering of a hanging or
burning, and thus making a very lucky day for the broadsheet seller.
The broadsheet evolved into higher-level content as humor was
introduced. Eventually, all types of broadsheets emerged, which were
eventually bound in collections, the prototype of the modern magazine
and thus the comic book. Magazines formatted like the popular Punch, an
elegant British creation, became the primary focus of documentary
accounts of news and events, fiction and humor.
One can see in Punch, the sophisticated evolution of a comic book
style, particularly in respect of the evolution of comics in Great
Britain. Still and all, from an historical standpoint, the comic strip,
and later the comic book, stood in the alley, waiting to be born. And
then some say Great Britain's Ally Sloper's "Half Alley" was the first
comic book. This was a black and white tabloid that had panels of
cartoons mixed with a sliver of news; circa 1884.
Now while all this was going on in Great Britain, this inching towards
the comic book, the United States had its own brand of evolution.
Instead of magazines, US newspapers took the lead in creating the comic
book industry.
Newspapers, with their first steps, took their single image gags and
evolved them into multi-paneled comic strips. It was during this period
that William Randolph Hearst scored a knockout with the Yellow Kid,
which was actually printed in yellow ink.
So where did the actual comic book begin? Some say it was with reprints
of Carl Schultz' Foxy Grandpa, from 1901 to 1905. Although others say
it was Great Britain's Ally Sloper's Half Alley. In 1902, Hearst
published the Katzenjammer Kids and Happy Hooligan in books with
cardboard covers.
For a time, the Yellow Kid himself was a top contender. But it depends
how rigid you are in your description of a comic book. These examples,
for sure, were predecessors to the modern comic book, which exploded in
the 1930's.
The Whitman Publishing Company, in 1934, became one of the
pre-launchers for the modern comic book. They published forty issues of
Famous Comics, which was a black and white hardcover reprint. The first
regularly published comic book in the more recognizable modern format
though, was Famous Funnies. It featured such memorable characters as
Joe Palooka, Buck Rogers and Mutt and Jeff.
Superheroes as we know them today took a strong foothold in the 1930's.
In 1938, Max C. Gaines, who was one of the comic industry giants,
brought "Superman" to Dell Comics publisher, Harry Donenfield.
Donenfield scored the comic coup of the century when he published a
story written by two teenagers, Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster- and so
"Superman of Metropolis" (the title of their short story they wrote in
their own fanzine) was born. Superman was to set a standard for comic
book heroes that persist to this day.
By Dave Gieber.
October 2007
